Physicists from Fermilab have presented the results of an experiment to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly (MAMM), an extremely unstable elementary particle. These two sets of observations showed significant deviations in the measured AMMM parameters, the nature of which cannot be explained within the framework of the Standard Model of particle physics. This means that the magnetic moment of the muon is affected by something that science does not know.
The muon is unstable, but very massive – 207 times heavier than an electron. And if such a heavy thing has a magnetic moment, it will be easier to track and measure it than in the case of detecting the magnetic moment of an electron, and the scientists were able to measure the anomaly in the magnetic moment of the electron with high accuracy But with an electron everything is simple. The source of the magnetic moment anomaly is known – interaction with the electromagnetic field quanta – and this deviation is consistent with theoretical explanations.
The anomaly in the muon magnetic moment cannot find an explanation within the framework of the Standard Model. In addition to the fields and particles we know, the muon’s magnetic moment deflects something modern physics has no idea about. If scientists could measure this unknown effect with sufficient accuracy – if they could show that it exists in a trivial way, then this would pave the way for the so-called New Physics, as it would imply the existence of unknown forces (fields) or fundamental particles. nature. The heavy muon is ideal for conducting such experiments, and new data from scientists at Fermilab are one of the next steps in that path.
Two sessions of long-term observations at the Fermilab facility as part of the Muon g-2 experiment yielded an impressive but still controversial result. The scientists reported that the probability of the measured muon magnetic moment anomaly was 5 sigma, which is enough for a discovery claim. In other words, scientists have proven by scientifically accepted probability that there are fields or particles in the world that go beyond the Standard Model (which was immediately “taken up”) by dark matter and dark energy, which had long been beyond our knowledge of physics. universe).
But there is a subtlety. In the scientific study of AMMM measurement, Fermilab scientists used theoretical data until 2020, but they are out of date, including the work of Russian physicists. Budkera from the Institute of Nuclear Physics GI ZI RAS (IYAF from ZI RAS) conducted experiments that cast doubt on the 2020 calculations. With this in mind, the probability of Fermilab’s AMMM measurement drops below the 5 sigma key mark and cannot be considered a discovery.
American scientists acknowledge this and will continue to collect statistics on more AMMM measurements at their facility and plan to exceed the theoretical limits of measuring the anomaly of the muon magnetic moment by the end of 2025 to prove or disprove its existence on Earth. The “fifth” unknown force or unknown to anyone. But something is making scientists suspect that the New Physics is also with the Standard Model, sooner or later we’ll have to say goodbye. Source
Source: Port Altele
