On October 3, the Nobel Prize season began in the Swedish capital, and the prize in physiology or medicine, according to tradition.
This year’s award went to Swedish geneticist Svante Pääbo, who was chosen by the Nobel Assembly committee of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm “for his discoveries on extinct human genomes and human evolution”.
This year’s Nobel Prize in Medicine season begins, followed by the daily announcement of 5 more awards: Physics on Tuesday, Chemistry on Wednesday, and Literature on Thursday. The 2022 Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday and the Economics Prize will be announced in October. 10.
These awards mean that new faces from around the world will be added to the outstanding list of scientists, writers, economists and human rights leaders.
Here are five things you need to know about the six prestigious awards:
Who created the Nobel Prizes?
The prizes in medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, and peace came from the will of Alfred Nobel, a wealthy Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite. The first prizes were awarded in 1901, five years after Nobel’s death.
Each award is worth 10 million kroner (about $900,000) and will be presented at a ceremony with a certificate and gold medal on December 10, the date of Nobel’s death in 1896.
Officially known as the “Swedish Bank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel”, the Economics Prize was established by the Swedish Central Bank in 1968, not by Alfred Nobel.
Between 1901 and 2021, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 609 times.
Who knows who will win and why?
Nobel Rules prohibit the jury from disclosing details of their deliberations for the next 50 years. Because of this, it will be a while before we know for sure what the referees are basing their selections on in 2022 and who is on their shortlist.
The judges try hard to avoid hinting at the winners before the announcements, but some nominees are exchanged, and European bookies sometimes offer odds on the Peace Prize and Nobel winners. Literature prize.
Who can nominate someone for the award?
Thousands of people around the world are eligible to nominate Nobel Prizes. These include university professors, legislators, former Nobel laureates, and committee members themselves.
Although nominations are kept secret for 50 years, nominees sometimes make their bids publicly, particularly for the Nobel Peace Prize.
How is the Swedish award related to Norway?
The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Norway, while the other prizes were awarded to Sweden, requested by Alfred Nobel.
The exact reasons for this choice are unknown, but during his lifetime Sweden and Norway joined a union that was dissolved in 1905. Relations between the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, which administers the prize money, and of the independent Peace Prize Committee, have sometimes struggled. in Oslo.
What does it take to win a Nobel Prize?
Scientists often wait decades for their work to be recognized by the Nobel judges, who want to ensure that any achievement has stood the test of time.
This was a bit far from the will of Nobel, who stated that the prizes should be awarded “to those who have brought the greatest benefit to humanity in the past year”.
The Peace Prize Committee is the only committee that regularly rewards the achievements of the previous year.
source: phys.org
Source: Arabic RT
